What is one effect of trauma on the brain that might affect behavior?

• A. Feeling distressed is a normal biological response.
• B. Trauma permanently causes brain damage.
• C. Trauma does not affect emotions.
• D. Stress responses disappear after a short period.

Answer: (A)

Trauma sets off the brain’s stress response, so feeling distressed is a normal biological reaction that can shape behavior. When danger is perceived, the amygdala triggers the fight-or-flight response and the HPA axis releases stress hormones, which can heighten alertness, disrupt sleep, and make emotions feel less controllable. This isn’t a sign of permanent brain damage or a lack of emotion; it’s the brain’s way of staying prepared to respond to threat and cope with ongoing stress. Over time, with support and coping strategies, these distress signals can lessen, but they can also flare up again, influencing behavior like irritability, avoidance, or hypervigilance.