Impartial decision-making requires decisions to be free from bias and based on what?

• A. Bias
• B. Traditions
• C. Data and facts
• D. Personal opinions

Answer: (C)

Impartial decision-making hinges on basing choices on verifiable information rather than personal views. Decisions grounded in data and facts can be tested, explained, and justified with objective criteria, which helps keep judgments fair and reproducible. In practice, this means relying on observable evidence such as incident reports, statistics, forensics, policies, and established procedures. While interpretation of data is part of the process, the starting point is information that others can review and validate, supporting accountability and consistency.

Relying on bias allows hidden preferences to steer outcomes, undermining fairness. Traditions can perpetuate practices that aren’t supported by current evidence. Personal opinions are subjective and cannot be reliably contested or verified. Data and facts provide the objective basis needed to explain decisions, defend actions, and adapt practices as new information emerges.